C++ for-loop vs. Python for-loop

I'm currently learning Python as I'm taking a data mining class. I was making a for-loop to make a noisy data file to do smoothing and I found a peculiarity on Python for-loop that I couldn't understand nor go around.

So I made this simple testing C++ and Python codes. C++ one works, but Python one doesn't.

The reason is that C++ allows arbitrary updates on the counter variable i within the for-loop block, but Python doesn't.

On Python code, I try to update i arbitrarily by doing i += 1 within the while-loop, but if you look at the outputs for At the first part of the loop, i = SOMETHING, Python is arbitrarily updating the i only in the while-loop that's in the for-loop, but then reverts the value back when it exits that while-loop. (Outputs are in the comments at the bottom)

Why is that? Is it a scope issue? (Both C++ and Python are statically scoped) Is it because of their types? (I'm only familiar with statically-typed languages like C++ and Java, and not dynamically-typed languages like Python)

On Python, it seems like the for-loop is actually a function with return-by-value parameter i which ignores all the changes on the parameter that took place inside the function.

I tried:

• Setting the counter i as a global variable.
• using range(0, len(input), *variable*), but I still failed to replicate it.
• Researched if it can be solved by using Static variable or similar sort on Python (I think it's irrelevant?)

On Python, how would you replicate this C++ code? Could you enlighten me on why those for-loops behave differently? Thank you.

This is C++ code that's working correctly:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string input = "abc defg";
    string eachWord = "";

    for(int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++)
    {
        cout << "At the first part of the loop, i = " << i << " ." << endl;

        while(input[i] != ' ' && input[i] != '\0')
        {
            eachWord += input[i];
            i++;
        }

        cout << eachWord << endl;
        cout << "At the last part of the loop, i = " << i << " ." << endl << endl;
        eachWord = "";
    }
}

/*
Output:
At the first part of the loop, i = 0 .
abc
At the last part of the loop, i = 3 .

At the first part of the loop, i = 4 .
defg
At the last part of the loop, i = 8 .
*/

And this is the Python code that's not working correctly, that I tried to make to replicate the C++ code:

input = "abc defg"
eachWord = ''

for i in range(len(input)):
    print("At the first part of the loop, i = ", i, ".")
    while(input[i] != ' ' and input[i] != '\0'):
        eachWord += input[i]
        i += 1

    print(eachWord)
    print("At the last part of the loop, i = ", i, ".")
    print()
    eachWord = ''

"""
Output:
At the first part of the loop, i =  0 .
abc
At the last part of the loop, i =  3 .

At the first part of the loop, i =  1 .
bc
At the last part of the loop, i =  3 .

At the first part of the loop, i =  2 .
c
At the last part of the loop, i =  3 .

At the first part of the loop, i =  3 .

At the last part of the loop, i =  3 .

At the first part of the loop, i =  4 .
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 6, in <module>
    while(input[i] != ' ' and input[i] != '\0'):
IndexError: string index out of range
"""